In definition, the word solo means alone. It's etymology is Italian and to do a solo means to do something by one's self. Therefore, solo music is a composition, or part of which, that is meant to be sung by one person or performed with the use of one instrument. A performer who does a solo is often referred to as a soloist.
In classical and instrumental music, a piano solo is the most common of all. Other instruments that are also given such parts are the flute and the violin, or members of their families. The word solo, however, is not commonly included in a title of a piece, but is rather indicated within the composition where the solo should be played out. On the other hand, when it comes to chorales, there are often parts of songs where a soloist sings certain verses by him or herself while the rest of the members act as back up, singing and blending their voices to produce the harmony of the composition. Solos are also frequently found in jazz performances. Moreover, in today’s pop music scene, guitar and drum solos are becoming more and more popular.
Although solo music is usually pre-composed, it is still very common for a lot of soloists from all genres, especially with vocalists of singing groups and also for solo singing acts, to improvise and adlib in the duration of their solos to make it more memorable, more unique and to give their performances more of their personality.
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